What was the first fire brigade?
1. Ancient Rome (c. 6th century
BCE):
- The first
organized fire-fighting brigade was established by the Roman Emperor Augustus
(r. 27 BCE – 14 AD) in the 1st century BCE.
- Augustus
formed a group called the "Cohortes Vigilum" (often
simply called the Vigiles), which were responsible for
fire-fighting, night watch, and maintaining public safety.
- The Vigiles
were trained to extinguish fires and also to prevent them. They used
tools such as water buckets, ladder trucks, and tools
for tearing down buildings to prevent fires from spreading.
- The
Vigiles were made up of both professional and volunteer fire-fighters who
were stationed around the city of Rome to respond quickly to fires. They
were also responsible for patrolling the streets at night to prevent
arson.
2. Pre-Roman Civilizations:
- In
earlier civilizations, such as ancient Greece and Babylon,
fire-fighting was largely a community effort. In Babylon, King Nabopolassar
(c. 626–605 BCE) organized a system where citizens were required to help
extinguish fires in their neighborhoods, but there were no official fire
brigades.
3. Medieval and Early Modern Period:
- After
the fall of the Roman Empire, the concept of organized fire-fighting
disappeared for a while in many parts of Europe.
- In 13th
century Italy, the
city of Venice created a form of fire-fighting service to protect
their buildings, especially with the widespread use of wooden buildings.
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4. Modern Fire Brigades:
- The
first modern professional fire brigades were established much
later, starting in the 17th century. In London, the first
public fire-fighting service, the London Fire Engine Establishment,
was created in 1833 by the insurance companies, later becoming part
of the London Fire Brigade in 1865.
- In the United
States, Benjamin Franklin founded Union Fire Company in 1736
in Philadelphia, which is considered the first organized volunteer
fire company in America.
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